Intercropping rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) with agarwood (Aquilaria)

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Intercropping rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) with agarwood (Aquilaria) creates a powerful dual-income timber and latex system. Because rubber trees develop a dense canopy that provides the filtered sunlight agarwood needs, this model is highly effective for maximizing long-term land value.
The "Latex & Oud" Strategic Layout
To prevent root competition and ensure both crops can be harvested efficiently, experts recommend a widened inter-row system:
Upper Tier: Rubber (The Revenue)
Spacing: Rubber trees are typically planted in rows spaced 20 to 25 feet apart.
Function: Provides consistent income from latex tapping starting from Year 6 or 7. The canopy acts as a protective shield for the more sensitive agarwood saplings.
Middle Tier: Agarwood (The Asset)
Spacing: Planted in the center of the rubber inter-rows, at least 10 feet away from the rubber trunks to allow for tapping operations.
Planting Density: This layout accommodates approximately 350–400 agarwood trees per acre without compromising rubber yield.
Ground Tier (Optional Support)
Shade-tolerant catch crops like ginger or turmeric can be added in the first 3 years to cover maintenance costs before the canopy fully closes.
Key Synergies
Microclimate Protection: Rubber trees act as a natural windbreak, protecting the agarwood from structural damage during storms.
Leaf Litter Enrichment: The high biomass from falling rubber leaves provides a constant source of organic mulch, which keeps the soil moist for the agarwood root systems.
Shared Maintenance: Management practices such as fertilization and weeding for rubber trees directly benefit the agarwood, reducing the overall cost of production per plant.
Critical Management Note
Rubber trees are heavy feeders; separate fertilization zones for the rubber and agarwood are essential to ensure the agarwood grows fast enough to reach inoculation size (typically a 15-20 inch girth) by year 8.
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